Port of Los Angeles

Port
Written By Vincent Doedee

Shore power mandatory by 2027 for all vessels by authority of CARB

Sustainability ambitions and initiatives

  • Mayor Garcetti launched Los Angeles’ Green New Deal (2019) — an ambitious update to​ the city’s first-ever Sustainable City pLAn (2015) to uphold the Paris Climate Agreement.

  • The Green New Deal aims to reduce municipal greenhouse gas emissions 55% by 2025; 65% by 2035; and reach carbon neutrality by 2045. Port-related greenhouse gas emissions are to be reduced by 80% by 2050. 

  • San Pedro Bay ports (Long Beach and Los Angeles) signed the Clean Air Action Plan in 2017, which became superseded by the Ocean-Going Vessels at Berth Regulation.

  • The Port of Los Angeles aims to expand the use of shore power (or other emissions capturing technologies) to 100% of ships as part of a suite of emissions reductions programs for ocean going vessels by 2028. These aims are however superseded by the Ocean-Going Vessels at Berth Regulation from the California Air Resources Board (CARB), who demand all ocean-going vessels emissions to be zero by 2027. 

  • Signed shore power declaration at the One Ocean Summit 2022, agreeing to make best efforts to deploy shore-side electricity supply by 2028. 

Shore Power

  • According to the data of California Air Resources Management Board (CARB), a total of 167 ships of COSCO have berthed at Port of Long Beach/Los Angeles Port/Oakland Port in 2021, and the compliance rate of shore power use was over 92%.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Once we start getting questions, you will receive them here!

More Stories

Stories
How to decarbonize your ship - RoRo Cargo + shore power + FuelEU
How to decarbonize your ship - RoRo Cargo + shore power + FuelEU

This case study determines the impact of FuelEU Maritime on a shore power refit for a RoRo Cargo ship under multiple loading and operational conditions. Pending on the amount of days connected to the grid and the average load while moored, it is estimated that shore power can save €250,000 per year.

How to decarbonize your ship - battery hybrid + varying engine load
How to decarbonize your ship - battery hybrid + varying engine load

This case study also examines a general cargo ship with an auxiliary engine of 116 kW that is outfitted with a battery to make it a ‘battery hybrid’ while at berth. Again the battery pack powers the ship for several hours while idling or moored and is recharged using the auxiliary engines. This time however, engine load is varied in different loading scenarios to determine the impact of different operational profiles on the business case.

How to decarbonize your ship - general cargo ship with battery hybrid
How to decarbonize your ship - general cargo ship with battery hybrid

This case study examines a general cargo ship with an auxiliary engine of 116 kW that is outfitted with a battery to make it a ‘battery hybrid’ while at berth. The battery pack powers the ship for several hours while idling or moored and is recharged using the auxiliary engines. Cost savings generally occur with an average engine load below 50%, but are mostly dependent on engine maintenance costs, spares and consumables as well as total battery pack costs.

Impact of FuelEU Maritime on shore power business case
Impact of FuelEU Maritime on shore power business case

This is a case study that determines the impact of FuelEU Maritime on a shore power refit business case up to 2050, taking several ships and varying input parameters to determine the impact under multiple conditions. As FuelEU Maritime will make shore power mandatory in 2030 for passenger- and containerships, this tool will help to determine the impact of that regulation on your business case.

How to decarbonize your ship - Feeder + Shore Power
How to decarbonize your ship - Feeder + Shore Power

This is a techno-economic case study that provides guidance for decarbonizing a feeder by means of a shore power refit. Shore power will be made mandatory by 2030 for these ship types as per FuelEU Maritime regulation. A step-by-step approach is given to estimate costs, analyse technical feasibility, and create a business case for the shore power refit in general.

Optimize your FuelEU Maritime pooling strategy
Optimize your FuelEU Maritime pooling strategy

The FuelEU Maritime pooling mechanism is complex. The FuelEU Pool Tool makes it simple. Use this tool to compare cost impact of FuelEU, EU ETS and the fuel itself when pooling up to ten different ships. Blend different quantities of fuel, change fuel properties and compare the cost outlook until 2050 to make your very own FuelEU pooling strategy.

FuelEU compliance penalty for all fuels
FuelEU compliance penalty for all fuels

FuelEU is complex. The FuelEU Case Maker makes it simple. Use this tool to compare cost impact of FuelEU, EU ETS and the fuel itself for up to five different cases. Blend different quantities of fuel, change fuel properties and compare the cost outlook until 2050 to make your very own FuelEU strategy.

Sustainovation with ICO Terminals - Lunch and Learn
Sustainovation with ICO Terminals - Lunch and Learn

How do we deal with the challenges surrounding shore power? Why is standardization so important? And what will we achieve with collaboration? Find out together with Fanni Arvai, Innovation & Sustainability Manager at International Car Operators and passionate about changing the maritime industry in a positive way with a vision for a more inclusive and environmentally conscious future.

Overview of Shore Power Sockets and Plugs - IEC/IEEE 80005
Overview of Shore Power Sockets and Plugs - IEC/IEEE 80005

IEC/IEEE 80005 is the main standard for shore power. This standard categorically divides shore power plugs and sockets into low voltage shore connection systems (LVSC < 1 MVA) and high voltage shore connection systems (HVSC > 1 MVA). LVSC systems are governed by IEC/IEEE 80005-3 for operability and IEC 60309-5 for dimensions. HVSC systems are governed by IEC/IEEE 80005-1 for operability and IEC 62613-2 for dimensions.

Project BOEI - Lunch and Learn
Project BOEI - Lunch and Learn

On behalf of the Province of South-Holland, Sustainable Ships has been project leader of 'Project BOEI’, a techno-economic feasibility study on the electrification of tankers off the coast of Scheveningen, Netherlands. The study was performed with consortium members InnovationQuarter, Bluewater, Knutsen, EOPSA, Rijkswaterstaat, Campus@Sea, Port of Rotterdam, KVNR and Cavotec. This lunch and learn is the recording of the close-out session in which main findings were presented.

Project BOEI
Project BOEI

Project BOEI is a techno-economic feasibility study on behalf of the Province of South-Holland on the electrification of tankers at the Scheveningen anchorage. The goal is to identify the most feasible technical solutions and risks, in addition to cost and emissions reduction estimation. Primary drivers are reduction of NOx and CO2 emissions. Total costs for all scopes combined is €14M (~€12M for infra and ~€2M for ship). E-anchor and subsea cabling are approximately 50% of all cost. Break-even price parity for shipowner and provider of power is at around €0.20-€0.25 per kWh.

Mobilyze Renewable Energy Units (HBEs) with Robert Gunsing
Mobilyze Renewable Energy Units (HBEs) with Robert Gunsing

Renewable Energy Units - Hernieuwbare Brandstof Eenheden - are a Dutch system of certificates based on the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED). Under the system, parties that produce liquid fossil fuels for transport have an obligation from the government to purchase REUs. Per year, €1 billion REUs are traded in the Netherlands. You can earn between 4.5 and 18 eurocents per kWh ‘sold’ to a vessel, for example when using shore power.

Metasorbex™ carbon-neutral Methanol with Joe Menner
Metasorbex™ carbon-neutral Methanol with Joe Menner

Metasorbex™ is a startup in the chemical industry that offers technology to produce carbon-neutral and cost-effective methanol. Existing feedstocks or even waste streams from hydrogen industry can be used. Current cost for one metric ton of methanol in US is $400 to $500. Metasorbex’s technology could provide not only a carbon-neutral, but cheaper form of methanol. Maritime industry - in particular in EU - is most interesting due to incentives and penalties on CO2.

Ship-Based Carbon Capture Techno-Economic Guide
Ship-Based Carbon Capture Techno-Economic Guide

This blog provides techno-economic guidance for the use of SBCC onboard your vessel, including operational impact, logistics and of course the costs for implementation. Key points include the following; SBCC is applicable to virtually all ship types, sizes and fuel type but LNG is preferred. SBCC produces 2 m3 of CO2 per day per MW. SBCC costs €115 per ton CO2, is a CAPEX dominated technology and costs €175k per MW.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Inland Waterways + Shore Battery
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Inland Waterways + Shore Battery

This is a case study on the ‘Skoon Skipper’, a general cargo large Rhine vessel, with an average of 40 [kW] power demand while moored to which a shore battery is applied. Batteries can help you comply with shore power regulations where no infrastructure exists with limited to no CAPEX investments. CAPEX is €0 for this case study as the battery pack is rented at an estimated €400 dayrate. Purchase cost for battery pack are approx. €350.000. This case study is powered by our preferred partner Skoon.

COSCO 700 TEU Full Electric Container Ship
COSCO 700 TEU Full Electric Container Ship

The N997 has two propulsion motors with a capacity of 900 [kW] each and a total battery capacity of 50 [MWh] - best estimate currently available. The 120 meter long ship has a fully electric drive, can carry up to 700 TEU and is able to swap battery packs en route. The vessel is designed for Chinese inland and coastal waters, covering over 600 nautical miles of routes on the Yangtze River.

MoU for North Star Support Vessels on Offshore Wind
MoU for North Star Support Vessels on Offshore Wind

Maersk’s Stillstrom and North Star have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to accelerate the adoption of offshore charging and vessel electrification technologies for Offshore Support Vessels (OSVs) in the offshore wind sector. Offshore charging hubs will enable the vessels to recharge their battery systems using wind energy while in the field.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Hopper Dredger + Methanol
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Hopper Dredger + Methanol

This is a case study of a trailing hopper suction dredger with 14MW installed power - the ‘Happy Hopper’ - which is converted to methanol combustion. This case study is inspired by the amazing work done by Van Oord. With the given assumptions on emission factors for methanol, 93% CO2 reduction is achieved. CAPEX for a methanol refit of this size is approximately €6M+, of which roughly €5M is intended for engine refit only. OPEX will be greatly increased unless methanol price is below €500 per mT.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Large Fishing Trawler
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Large Fishing Trawler

This is a case study on how to decarbonize a fishing trawler - the Jacobus Maria - using shore power, battery hybrid EES and biofuels. 20% CO2 reduction is achieved, half of which stems from the use of biofuels (HVO). The hybrid battery pack is economically not feasible with the assumptions used and the operational profile. The Jacobus Maria has 1 MW installed engine capacity. Total cost would be at least €1M. 10% CO2 reduction can be achieved with approx. €50k.

Neste Renewable Diesel Handbook
Neste Renewable Diesel Handbook

Neste Corporation calls its own HVO product “Neste Renewable Diesel”. The common acronym “HVO” comes from the terms “Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil”. It meets the requirements of EN 15940 for paraffinic diesel fuels and is allowed as a blending component in EN 590 B7 diesel fuel. It is a high quality fuel that can be used to enhance the properties of the final diesel blend. No modifications to vehicles required and it has the same torque and maximum power as with fossil diesel fuel in modern engines.

Inside a Battery Container
Inside a Battery Container

The Corvus BOB (Battery On Board) is a standardized, class-approved, modular battery room solution available in 10-foot and 20-foot ISO high-cube container sizes. The complete system comes with battery, monitoring system, HVAC , TR exhaust, plus firefighting and detection system. The plug and play battery room simplifies integration into any system integrator’s power management system on board a ship. The battery cells have passive thermal runaway protection, and are type-approved according to DNV.

BAM Amsterdam Cruise Terminal with Dick and Rick
BAM Amsterdam Cruise Terminal with Dick and Rick

On May 10th, Port of Amsterdam awarded the contract for the realization of shore power at Cruise Port Amsterdam (CPA) to Powercon A/S and with BAM as subcontractor. Dick van Veen and Rick van Akkeren - BAM Business Unit Heavy Duty Charging - explain in detail about the project and the challenges that they are facing. Building the infrastructure that can host large cruise vessels and support the heavy electrical equipment is therefore a daunting task, all of which is discussed in this video.

Maritime Battery Forum with Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker
Maritime Battery Forum with Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker

During the lunch and learn, current forum Director Syb ten Cate Hoedemaker will exchange knowledge and experience from the usage of batteries within the shipping and offshore industries. You will learn which batteries will suit your vessel, plus discover the costs and payback for different operational modes. Which battery suits your vessel, your needs, your operational profile? This is the key question discussed in this lunch and learn with Maritime Battery Forum.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Ro-Ro Passenger
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Ro-Ro Passenger

This is a case study on how to decarbonize a ro-ro passenger vessel by applying Ecospeed to its hull. Ecospeed is a hard, non-toxic coating which provides long-lasting protection for all ship hulls. The hypothetic vessel is called ‘Lady Ice Cold’, a ro-ro operating in North-Western Europe with 33 MW installed engine capacity. Ecospeed reduces carbon emissions by 9% - 16% with a total CAPEX of €390.000.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Full Electric Tugboat
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Full Electric Tugboat

This is a case study on how to decarbonize a tug by making it full electric. It is an homage to Damen’s electric tug ‘Sparky’. In practice, fully electrifying a vessel means to install a - very large - battery pack, in this case at least 3 MWh. This would also be the largest cost component, outweighing switchboard modifications, inverter and other electrical equipment. Cost reductions in OPEX/dayrate are high, between 50% to 90% in extreme cases.

Damen’s Sparky - their first full electric tug
Damen’s Sparky - their first full electric tug

Damen’s first all-electric harbour tug, the RSD-E Tug 2513, is a high-powered tug with 70-tonnes bollard pull, capable of manoeuvring even the largest vessels. It can undertake two or more assignments before being recharged, which takes just two hours. The battery pack size is 2,800 kWh, resulting an approximately 1,400 kW of charging power required. The battery pack is design for the vessel’s 30 year lifetime.

Dual fuel methanol engine switchover by Arenared
Dual fuel methanol engine switchover by Arenared

This video showcases a fuel switchover of an engine from regular diesel fuel to methanol by Arenared.

First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Inland Waterways + Solar PV
First Aid for a Sustainable Ship - Inland Waterways + Solar PV

This is a case study on how to decarbonize an inland waterway ship with solar PV technology. Flexible solar PV panels from Wattlab are placed on an inland ship’s hatches in order to reduce fuel consumption while idling or moored. In some cases, the auxiliary generators can be switched off, resulting in an expected CO2 reduction of 26% - 100%.

EOPSA - Digital 4 Port Decarbonisation with GE
EOPSA - Digital 4 Port Decarbonisation with GE

Watch this lunch and learn by EOPSA together with General Electric, in which we discuss the onshore and vessel aspects of shore power, including microgrids and using the Decarbonizer to determine the costs for shore power for your vessel.

The State of Methanol as Marine Fuel 2023
The State of Methanol as Marine Fuel 2023

This blog is a state of the use of methanol as marine fuel as “quick” reference for shipowners. Key points include costs for retrofitting the ship and engine, range between € 250-€650 per kW, elaboration on IGF code for low flashpoint fuels and technical considerations for conversion and working with methanol. Availability for methanol is good, but bunkering for large vessels mostly non-existent. Methanol price per kilogram is historically lower than regular MGO.

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Vincent Doedee
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