Under MEPC 83, from 2028, ships over 5,000 GT must meet new GHG emission intensity targets based on transport work. Compliance is assessed annually against two thresholds: Tier 1 (baseline reduction) and Tier 2 (stricter reduction). If a vessel exceeds the set intensity limit, a penalty applies proportionally to the amount by which it fails the target. The greater the deviation, the higher the corrective action or financial penalty required. Penalty structures and enforcement measures are finalized through national or regional implementation, linked to verified emissions and operational data.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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About IMO GHG

GHG Working Group finalizes guidelines to support implementation of carbon intensity measures and agrees to further develop a "basket of candidate mid-term measures" including technical and carbon-pricing elements. the Working Group agreed to advance towards the further development of a "basket of candidate mid-term measures" – integrating both technical (for example, a GHG fuel standard and/or enhancement of IMO's carbon intensity measures) and carbon pricing (for example, through a market-based measure) elements. the Working Group agreed to advance towards the further development of a "basket of candidate mid-term measures" – integrating both technical (for example, a GHG fuel standard and/or enhancement of IMO's carbon intensity measures) and carbon pricing (for example, through a market-based measure) elements.

Cost estimate

The Marshall Islands and Solomon Islands have proposed a carbon price of $100 a tonne fuels, while Maersk has called for a $150/t levy. The shipping industry’s trade association has previously supported a levy of just $2 a tonne of fuel to fund research and development of clean shipping technology. That translates to a carbon price of $0.64/t.